Freckles, sun spots, liver spots, brown spots, etc. are all common names for the same problem. The medical term for those brown spots that form on the skin, is solar lentigo. This is caused by prolonged and damaging exposure to the sun. The spot, or hyperpigmentation, is caused when the melanin-producing cell, or melanocyte, is damaged by UV radiation from the sun and causes it to be visible on the surface of the skin. Overall, this is a symptom of "photoaging" caused by the sun which can lead to spots, wrinkles, enlarged pores, and rough texture.
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